(Family: Caesalpinaceae) against Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti, and Anopheles stephensi. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2011;1:438. used for repelling insects. Plant Health Instructor. The following factors are discussed further with its relation to the Figure 2. REPELS & PROTECTS. about in our project. The oil of Citronella has been used for 2011;88:4818. The overall outcome of testing the insect repellent was effective in a way Individuals 2011;72:10914. Reegan AD, Kinsalin AV, Paulraj MG, Ignacimuthu S. Larvicidal, ovicidal and repellent activities of marine sponge Cliona celata (Grant) extracts against Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae). Karunamoorthi K, Girmay A, Hayleeyesus SF. 2013;112:67992. Terms and Conditions, Trace element contents and essential oil yields from wild thyme plant (Thymus serpyllum L.) grown at different natural variable environments, Jordan. 2008;87:215. - Advertisement -. - Advertisement -. found that tagetes extract is not affective against An. In the study, the essential oil was applied to the skin of test subjects, and the number of mosquito bites received was significantly reduced compared to a control group. Article Peppermintisa hybridmintfrom cross-breeding spearmint (Mentha spicata) and water mint (Mentha aquatica), which contains biologically active constituents and has high menthone, menthol and methyl esters. [27], orange extract at 50, 150 and 250, 350, and 450ppm showed 0, 0.5, 0.5, 1.5 and 2h complete protection time repellency (100%) against An. [] also reported . [].Ansari et al. stephensi for 8h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. transportation to go at our research environment. MK collaborated in the study conception and the collection and translation of articles. Extracting the lemongrass oil will be done through Steam Distillation The product was 100% safe to use as it didnt cause allergies or itchiness stephensi for 8h, had a good effectiveness in preventing An. Repellent compounds contained in this plant include alpha-pinene, citronellal, citronellol, and geraniol (Duke 2000). 2003;88:25360. Presently, there is no effective prophylactic anti-malarial vaccine and no suitable preventive measure other than vector control is available [5]. The repellency effect of citronella was investigated in several studies. 2018;101:197201. 2014;4:S54955. Kamaraj C, Rahuman AA, Bagavan A, Elango G, Zahir AA, Santhoshkumar T. Larvicidal and repellent activity of medicinal plant extracts from Eastern Ghats of South India against malaria and filariasis vectors. Karunamoorthi K, Ilango K, Murugan K. Laboratory evaluation of traditionally used plant-based insect repellent against the malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis Patton (Diptera: Culicidae). that does not guarantee the safety of their families. researchers had come to terms that this is the topic that we wanted to learn and talk Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. [6] and Tawatsin et al. Tavassoli et al. Enviro Sci Pollut Res. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. 2005;10:11908. Lemongrass has insecticidal properties and the extracted oil is used as Lemongrass oil is also thought to be beneficial in treating skin conditions such as psoriasis and eczema. after screening titles/abstracts; 11 were review publications; 8 investigated the repellency impact of chemical-based repellents or animal extracts; 7 studies were conducted on laboratory animals; 12 were abstracts, conference papers, comments, and editorials; 10 studies had not reported sufficient data regarding the percentage of repellency or complete protection time; and, 15 studies were other irrelevant studies. . Accessed 28 Mar 2016. They are bright green on top and pale yellow beneath, with veins running down each side of the leaf blade. Chapter-1 Efficacy of Lemongrass Extract as Insect Repellent - Concentration of Lemongrass Extract - Studocu It may help your knowledge to grow through this information. repellent themselves, they can ensure that it is safe and not even a single drop of a Google Scholar. [6], narrow-leaved eucalyptus, lemon-scented eucalyptus, and broad-leaved eucalyptus protected against An. Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions Grade 12 - Module, Philippine Pop Culture - Doreen G. 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Cosmetics, soaps, perfumes, dye and odorizes Innocent E, Hassanali A. minimus for 0.83h. Similarly, Sritabutra et al. Google Scholar. In 2 studies, repellency effectiveness of myrtle was investigated. ), Anopheles minimus (Theobald) and Culex quinquefasciatus Say based on protection time and biting rate. 2009;2009:e908085. This number is also significantly higher than those killed by other types of insect repellents. Below is a list of lemongrass as insect repellent: Lemongrass is a good insect repellent. Saudi J Biol Sci. There was a significant difference in the use of lemongrass extract as a substitute for malathion with the mortality rate of Aedes aegpty mosquito (p-value < 0,001) 95% CI (15.69-18.31 . The studies in the last two decades have focused on the search for new natural repellents and some plants displayed good repellent activities, but few natural products have been developed so far [88, 89]. J Vector Borne Dis. Its extracted will help repel mosquitoes. Table 4. Specifically, it seeks to answer to the following questions: 1. The process of using lemongrass as a pesticide is fairly simple. Aquaculture. alternative insect repellent can lessen health worries of people since natural insect J Vector Borne Dis. 2010 , Dickens and Bohbot 2013 , Xu et al. Bioresource Technol. Baskar K, Sudha V, Nattudurai G, Ignacimuthu S, Duraipandiyan V, Jayakumar M, et al. Konan Y, Sylla M, Doannio J, Traor S. Comparison of the effect of two excipients (karite nut butter and vaseline) on the efficacy of Cocos nucifera, Elaeis guineensis and Carapa procera oil-based repellents formulations against mosquitoes biting in Ivory Coast. In conclusion, lemongrass oil is really the important component of lemongrass Citronellais an essential oil extracted from the stems and leaves of different species of lemongrass (Cymbopogon spp.) repellency. Soonwera M. Efficacy of essential oil from Cananga odorata (Lamk.) <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.02 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Tamil Nadu India Sci Asia. 2005;42:95. Pour the mixture in a spray bottle. 2015;8:2934. Jeyabalan D, Arul N, Thangamathi P. Studies on effects of Pelargonium citrosa leaf extracts on malarial vector. The percentage repellency of citronella in other studies. Amerasan D, Murugan K, Kovendan K, Kumar PM, Panneerselvam C, Subramaniam J, et al. Parasitol Res. 2015;14:12833. Lemongrass has been shown to have the insecticidal and insect-repellent ability towards several insects, including mosquitoes [14], houseflies [15], sand flies [16] and fruit flies (Drosophila . J Saudi Soc Agric Sci. In addition to being a plant-based mosquito repeller, this spray will kill and repel hundreds of common pests, such as gnats, ticks, fleas, no-see-ums, spiders, and other biting flies. It should be noted that pure lemongrass oil can be hazardous to human Bioresource Technol. In the laboratory trial by Amer et al. gambiae [54]. All concentrations of turmeric, with a doseresponse manner, provided complete repellency ranging from 4 to 8h, depending on the concentration applied. A total of 5 studies examined the repellency effect of different sub-species of eucalyptus. conducting experiments on humans hand and insects, specifically, mosquitoes and Lemongrass | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center For Adult Patients About Diagnosis & Treatment Lemongrass Purported Benefits, Side Effects & More Common Names Fever grass Barbed wire grass Silky heads Jump to: For Patients & Caregivers For Healthcare Professionals For Patients & Caregivers KEEPS BUGS AT BAY FOR HOURS Get much needed outdoor relief from mosquitos and ticks. Cookies policy. Lemongrass is an herb that is commonly used in cooking, but it also has some very interesting benefits for your garden. [6], with complete protection time for 8h, had a good effectiveness in preventing against An. gives are analgesic, meaning they relieve pain. Govindarajan M. Ovicidal and repellent properties of Coccinia indica Wight and Arn (Family: Cucurbitaceae) against three important vector mosquitoes. For example, adult butterflies feed on nectar from flowers such as milkweed or yucca when they are larvae; then they lay eggs on these plants so their offspring can eat the leaves when they hatch into caterpillars. These are the chemicals, which are used as insecticides for mosquito control include substances which destroy mosquito and are commonly known as pesticides or insecticides. Outcomes measures were percentage repellency and protection time. The repellent contains oil of eucalyptus and is marketed under two names: Repel Lemon Eucalyptus Insect Repellent (WPC Brands) and Fite Bite Plant-Based Insect Repellent (Travel. Table1 summarizes the characteristics and main results of the eligible studies. Thus, plants with potential repellency properties should be tested for their possible unpleasant side effects before introducing as alternative products. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. Catnipisa perennial plant that belongs to the mint family, Labiatae. The study has found out that lemon grass is an effective and alternative natural insect repellent. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. 2012;111:224151. Moreover, when it comes to ants, the product can 100% Essential oils and extracts of some plants could be formulated for the development of eco-friendly repellents against Anopheles species. Abu-Darwish MS, Abu-Dieyeh ZH, Mufeed B, Al-Tawaha ARM, Al-Dalain SYA. Basil at 0.1ml dose in other studies [47, 61] repelled Anopheles for 1.5h and 0.75h, whereas, Tawatsin et al. ` VW*p)}u'_+WWnSfzUZXPP7XTG':Vv[>6eqc4D=1C0d[4l]N5Vj;IMR&:&.89DH/*I.+(3Z:RQX$x('mu6Ib Parasitol Res. Objective: This review aims to examine the effectiveness of citronella preparation used as a mosquito repellent. The water must not reach the bottom of the strainer, fill it with lemongrass. It is also used to treat stomach ailments, diabetes, and other maladies. Aegis Pest Service states that, Unlike the DEET insect repellent spray; Parasitol Res. .uM.4/&@Kg,4]-iZ7- VdM!t20tICI^zR4KkE+BGo?woKDtG@3, X1u4FEck$RY'u8!. PubMedGoogle Scholar. lots benefits such as health benefits and financial benefit which is its affordability. Swathi S, Murugananthan G, Ghosh S, Pradeep A. Larvicidal and repellent activities of ethanolic extract of Datura stramonium leaves against mosquitoes. 1995;120:53842. Amer A, Mehlhorn H. Repellency effect of forty-one essential oils against Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex mosquitoes. 2015;14:307. related studies about lemongrass as insect repellent Gramineae). 2011;4:698705. For this systematic review, all eligible studies on the repellency effects of plant-based repellants against Anopheles spp. Ansari M, Vasudevan P, Tandon M, Razdan R. Larvicidal and mosquito repellent action of peppermint (Mentha piperita) oil. PubMed lemongrass as an insect repellent and to raise awareness on how to prevent insect- Govindarajan M, Mathivanan T, Elumalai K, Krishnappa K, Anandan A. Ovicidal and repellent activities of botanical extracts against Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). Insect Repellents Oils, Volatile . However, it is highly recommended that the future researchers should perform the 2003;10:1814. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. that it repelled mosquito landing attempts and ant-bites attempts. Distillation Process is technique used for separating substances which are Advances in vector mosquito control technologies, with particular reference to herbal products. This review calls for the attention of entomologists and people in the field of mosquito-transmitted diseases for understanding the value and potential position of the plant-derived repellents and their role in disease control. constituents of lemongrass oil are citral, geranoil, mycerence, citronellal, and Google Scholar. In the study by Phasomkusolsil et al. J Herb Spice Med Plants. Malaria Journal [42] also found that orange at 0.02, 0.10, and 0.21mg/cm2, with a dose-dependent trend, has 44%, 54%, and 84% repellency against An. No problem: its an anti-itch cream too. Phytochemistry. Our plant-based mosquito repellent spray is perfect to bring on your outdoor adventures like camping, hiking, walks, or other on-the-go activities. F. (Family: Malvaceae) against three important vector mosquitoes. Trop Med Int Health. Olive (O. europaea)isone of the most ancient cultivated fruit tree species in the Mediterranean basin which isa source of several phenolic compounds with important properties [71]. 2008;103:52934. insect repellent. The Lemon grass is an alternative way in which the researchers used it as repellent to the mosquitoes. Part of This research aims to create a Natural Alternative Insect Repellent with the use skin. All titles and abstracts were screened by two independent investigators for eligibility. Asian Pac J Trop Dis. Cite this article. insect repellent. Govindarajan M. Larvicidal and repellent properties of some essential oils against Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles and Anopheles subpictus Grassi (Diptera: Culicidae). In 2 studies, repellency effectiveness of tagetes was explored. endobj dirus for 1.58h. Besides, 100l Eucalyptus citriodora repelled An. Privacy 2010;3:6915. The oil of the repel 24 attempted ant bites. To treat and/or repel insects, you should use insect repellents and bug sprays that contain active ingredients specifically designed to repel and/or kill insects. be brought in the market (Fernandez, 2013). Phys Mol Plant Pathol. Haldar KM, Ghosh P, Chandra G. Larvicidal, adulticidal, repellency and smoke toxic efficacy of Ficus krishnae against Anopheles stephensi Liston and Culex vishnui group mosquitoes. Adulticidal and repellent properties of Cassia tora Linn. Improvised set up of Steam Distillation Process with labeled parts. Tawatsin A, Wratten SD, Scott RR, Thavara U, Techadamrongsin Y. Repellency of volatile oils from plants against three mosquito vectors. and it is keeping insects that carry disease away from us and from our area. 2016;6:9738. recommend the following: For the Future Researchers who would like to conduct the experiment that in volume18, Articlenumber:436 (2019) A total of 62 trials met the inclusion criteria. 2012;111:195364. The 20% Neem oil in a field trial conducted by Amer et al. 1. Kongkaew C, Sakunrag I, Chaiyakunapruk N, Tawatsin A. In this study, its effectiveness was assessed on stable . Its easy to apply just dot on exposed skin and blend in. over 50 years as an insect repellent. and Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison). <>>> Parasitol Res. Lemongrass as the main ingredient for an attempted to bite 24 times It was proven that it can 100% repel mosquitoes, specifically, insect repellent spray which can be poisonous, lemongrass is organic and safe as it was Powered by Wondercides proven-to-work spray formula that repels 98% of mosquitoes, this insect repellent spray is a safe, effective control method for repelling bugs. A total of 62 studies conducted in different countries, including India [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40], Thailand [4, 5, 41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48], Ethiopia [49,50,51,52], Kenya [53,54,55,56,57], Germany [6], Nigeria [1], USA [58], Tanzania [59], Brazil [60], Sudan [61], Iran [62], Cameron [63] and Ivory Coast [64] were eventually included in the systematic review based on the inclusion criteria for the effect of plant-based repellents on species of Anopheles mosquitoes. lemongrass oil, it should be mixed with alcohol to ensure the safety of the product when Prabhu K, Murugan K, Nareshkumar A, Ramasubramanian N, Bragadeeswaran S. Larvicidal and repellent potential of Moringa oleifera against malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi Liston (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae). Lemongrass is a plant that has been used as an insect repellent for centuries. [6] reported that 20% oil solutions of both camphor (Cinnamomum camphora) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) had 100% repellency affect against An. Walle M, Walle B, Zerihun L, Makonnen E. Sedative-hypnotic like effect of the essential oil from the leaves of Myrtus communis on mice. J Amer Soc Hort Sci. found that lemon eucalyptus extract is not affective against An. Although lemongrass does not attract any beneficial insects directly, it does provide them with food sources during their lifecycles. 2015;114:60112. A must have for weekend trips, camping, and travel. Related Studies Insecticides & Repellents Use these natural insecticides to repel and eliminate harmful pests. The research subjects to be observed and experimented were the mosquitoes Youll want to make sure that you wash away any dirt or debris that may be left on your plant before placing it into your garden bed or potting soil so theres no chance of spreading disease or pests throughout your garden space during planting time. KEEPS BUGS AWAY NATURALLY: Our proprietary blend of 16 essential oils, including cedar, mint, rosemary, and lemongrass, create the strong minty and herbaceous scent that helps keep bugs at bay for up to 4 HOURS while ensuring your sensitive skin is safe and healthy. The following categories of products use botanicals or plant extracts that are applied to plant foliage. There is no significant difference in using lemongrass oil as an effective natural [] and Tawatsin et al. California Privacy Statement, financial benefit, it is said that some bottle of lemongrass insect repellent costs 2011;16:80210. H"Chgr gL%kL" $?]%}11XI Thus, protection from mosquito bites is one of the best approaches to reduce the disease incidence. J Vector Borne Dis. stephensi for 6.5h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. 2009;7:9204. Liloan is a municipality in the northern part of Cebu dirus. DEET-FREE & VERSATILE. PubMed If used against mosquito larvae, such insecticides . No fuss. Govindarajan M, Kadaikunnan S, Alharbi NS, Benelli G. Acute toxicity and repellent activity of the Origanum scabrum Boiss & Heldr (Lamiaceae) essential oil against four mosquito vectors of public health importance and its biosafety on non-target aquatic organisms. Just spray on and stay protected. Chichester: Wiley; 1996. p. 25466. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. minimus [45] for 1h. A high level of insecticide resistance has made because of the chemical control of the pests and vectors. Article Moore S, Lenglet A, Hill N. Plant-based insect repellents. Repellency effects of essential oils of Myrtle (Myrtus communis), Marigold (Calendula officinalis) compared with DEET against Anopheles stephensi on human volunteers. Natural insecticides combat insects upon contact or through ingestion. Formulated with no artificial colors, fragrances or harmful pesticides. The percentage repellency was doseresponse and was reported to be 66%, 74% and 96%, respectively. It is also registered in Lemongrass does not have Fish Shellfish Immunol. be conducting the same study and that this could contribute useful information to them. As observed, 25 mosquitoes attempted to land for 25 times while 24 ants Rosemary isan evergreen aromatic shrub with a Mediterranean origin, which belongs to Lamiaceae (Labiatae) family [77]. Soderlund DM, Bloomquist JR. Neurotoxic actions of pyrethroid insecticides. Lemongrass is a plant that has been used as an insect repellent for centuries. This compound is found in citrus fruits and works to repel many insects. Parasitol Res. It has a distinctive odor which may make it difficult for some insect to SA made substantial contributions to perform professional writing of the manuscript and preparing it. How long does the effectivity of the lemongrass oil last? The 20% oil solution of myrtle in the study conducted by Amer et al. Parasitol Res. Plant oils may serve as suitable alternatives to synthetic repellents in the future as they are relatively safe, inexpensive, and are readily available in many parts of the world. The extracted lemongrass substance will be stored in a Additionally, pest control experts can help in finding and treating the source of the insect infestation, as well as any insect-related problems. which can be poisonous, lemongrass is organic and safe. Iranian J Arthropod Borne Dis. For other plants, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. Miele M, Dondero R, Ciarallo G, Mazzei M. Methyleugenol in Ocimum basilicum L. Cv genovese gigante. found that Neem extract is not affective against An. Asian Pac J Trop Med. Herbal insecticides, repellents and biomedicines: effectiveness and commercialization. From the Weed Society of Pakistan (2019), it is stated that the Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Asian Pac J Trop Med. Abiy E, Gebre-Michael T, Balkew M, Medhin G. Repellent efficacy of DEET, MyggA, neem (Azedirachta indica) oil and chinaberry (Melia azedarach) oil against Anopheles arabiensis, the principal malaria vector in Ethiopia. 2016;23:2322838. You can use it to your daily living to become a better person concentration of lemongrass extract Skip to document Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library 2003;40:100. Below shows the procedure on making insect repellent out of lemongrass oil: Mix the essential oil, water and alcohol. Nevertheless, Seyoum et al. Thymus species have been reported to possess various beneficial effects, such as antiseptic, carminative, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties [70]. 10ml of water The plant also repels pests and attracts bees, which will pollinate your other plants. 2014;21:21929. of geranial and neral and small amounts of geranoil and citronellal which are The study has found out that lemongrass is an effective and alternative natural ant repellent. The exact mechanism of action of these plants in preventing Anopheles spp. It is a plant and has many uses. Here, the repellency impacts of most frequent examined repellents against Anopheles species are reported. generally safe. The average number of dead mosquitoes in the use of lemongrass extract was 18. dirus for 6h. In contrast, in the study by Seyoum et al. Hence, major J Med Entomol. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. The oil is also an anti- minimus [45] and An. As cost is a significant factor, examination of the use of local florae as repellents is highly suggested. immiscible with water, volatile in steam and having high vapor pressure at the Basically, a repellent dirus. PubMed Central Asian Pac J Trop Med. Possibly, the most important aspect in increasing the permanence of such repellents that are effective but volatile is improving formulations of plant extracts to elevate their longevity through the development of nanoemulsions, improved formulations, and fixatives. The location of this residence is in Catarman, The 20% oil solution of olive in the study conducted by Amer et al. All eligible studies on the repellency effects of plants against Anopheles mosquitoes published up to July 2018 were systematically searched through PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Google scholar databases. The repellency effect of orange against different species of Anopheles was investigated in 4 studies. Many studies have reported evidence of repellant activities of plant extracts or essential oils against malaria vectors around the world. All eligible studies on the repellency effects of plants against Anopheles mosquitoes published up to July 2018 were systematically searched through PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Google scholar databases. LEMONGRASS RESEARCH - CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Insect repellents (also - Studocu Research chapter introduction background of the study insect repellents (also commonly called are substances applied to the skin, clothing, or other surfaces Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew 2013;19:17989. For centuries lemon grass has been used by some cultures as a bug repellent. 1 0 obj It is a tall perennial grass that grows in dense clumps, and the leaves have a lemon scent. 2016;115:180716. A screening of titles and abstracts followed by a full-text review was performed by two investigators. essence and scent of lemongrass in the product. Throw a tin in your backpack, or keep it handy when camping. Is lemongrass oil as an insect repellent; I. Vector Control: Insecticide: "An insecticide is a substance used to kill insects" (IUPAC, 2006). In: 9th International symposium on supercritical fluids, Arcachon, France; 2009. This findings support the study of Dumay and Arcilla Jr. (2019), George (2016)and Moore (2011) about the capability of lemongrass in repelling insects effectively, Kamaraj(2011))who reported that black pepper is a good insect repellent, and Patterson (2019) who proved that garlic produces results that are effective enough in repelling mosquitoes. Prado JM, Leal PF, Meireles MAA, Eds. Rajkumar S, Jebanesan A. Repellent activity of selected plant essential oils against the malarial fever mosquito Anopheles stephensi. The use of repellents to protect people from bites of mosquitoes previously has been acknowledged as part of an overall integrated insect-borne disease control programme [6]. According to homeguides.safegate, lemongrass gas large amount boiling temperature of water. Province. It works on insects without harming or This process can be used for purifying liquids with dirus for 6h [44] and An. The product was able to withstand for as long as 3 hours upon repelling This study was experimental research design to collect and gather data. Lemongrass is considered to be a medicinal plant as well an ingredient in traditional Indian insect-repellent preparations (Parrotta 2001). 2010;20:16728. limonene. J Agric Biol Sci. 2010;13:8596. published up to July 2018 were systematically searched through electronic databases PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Literature retrieval System of the Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Scopus and Google Scholar using the following Medical Subject Headings (Mesh) and keywords: (((Plant [Title/Abstract]) OR Plants [Title/Abstract]) OR herbal [Title/Abstract]) AND (botanical [Title/Abstract]) AND ((extract [Title/Abstract]) OR extracts [Title/Abstract]) AND ((essential oil [Title/Abstract]) OR essential oils [Title/Abstract]) AND (((((Insect repellent [Mesh]) OR repellents) OR repellent) OR repellence) OR repellency) AND ((Anopheles [Mesh]) OR Anopheles [Title/Abstract]). In our data, the repellent is safe since it didnt cause itchiness and does not Studies found that cats and dogs, although they can hear the waves, ultrasonic sound is inaudible to humans and household pets. Alwala O, Wanzala W, Inyambukho R, Osundwa E, Ndiege I. Reflection Paper: Ganito Kami Noon, Paano Kayo Ngayon?