By opening the lines of communication in the planning phase of the project, Convergys was alerted to this important cultural difference in time to change the plans (Fisher, 2005). As a result of these trends, understanding the role of national culture for organizational behavior may provide you with a competitive advantage in your career. While respect is the most common diversity issue in the workplace, there are many other problems you should be aware of. High power distance cultures are hierarchical cultures where everyone has their place. How did the cultural differences influence your interaction? c. Some people tend to be more optimistic than others, and they focus on the good points of their job rather than the bad ones. Research also shows that cultural variation with respect to these four dimensions influence employee job behaviors, attitudes, well-being, motivation, leadership, negotiations, and many other aspects of organizational behavior (Hofstede, 1980; Tsui, Nifadkar, & Ou, 2007). Taylor is at the beginning stages deciding on a topic for her speech. Other culturally shaped illnesses include: "heart distress" in Iran; "semen loss" in South Asia; and "susto" in Latin America. It deprives women of sexual fulfillment and makes childbirth a hazardous process for both mother and infant. Which aspect of self-analysis has Grant pursued? R. SchaeferSociology: A brief introduction(New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2006). Culture is different in every society but it is found in every society and encompasses everyone and everything. Culture is something that is learned, shared, and passed down through generations. To get timely and accurate feedback, companies will need to open lines of communication and actively seek feedback. Among Latino immigrants in the United States, anthropologists have linked the illness to the sense of social and political disempowerment that these people experience. Source, attract and hire top talent with the worlds leading recruiting software. Wall Street Journal, p. B1. So, it's not just random tastes or practices but is actually deeply rooted in our society. 5. Cultural diversity encompasses all of the following factors EXCEPT The speaker reduces the chances of alienating the members of the audience. Europe & Rest of World: +44 203 826 8149 Offshoring could boost your career. Building peace in the minds of men and women. The White Bear Problem: Ironic Process Theory, How Social Psychology Relates to Online Interactions, What is an Adjustment Disorder? Anthropology in Public Health. Diversity is a satisfying mix of ideas, cultures, races, genders, economic statuses and other characteristics necessary for promoting growth and learning among a group. The Baxters are building a swimming pool in their backyard. Which of the following is NOT true regarding your outline? UExcel Cultural Diversity: Study Guide & Test Prep, Instrumental Values: Definition & Examples, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, What Is Culture? When doing cross-cultural business, locals are a key source of information. Tsui, A. S., Nifadkar, S. S., & Ou, A. Y. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). Culture is often originated from or attributed to a specific region or location. Of course such assignments still happen, but it is more likely that the employees will continually work with others from diverse cultural backgrounds. Tell us what *you* think of our resources and what youd like to see here in 2023. scientific view that race is a social construct, multiple variations in gender and sexual orientation, Socioeconomic background / Class diversity. It implies a commitment to human rights and fundamental freedoms, in particular the rights of persons belonging to minorities and those of indigenous peoples. Triandis, H. C., McCusker, C., & Hui, H. C. (1990). What is culture? Another cultural practice with severe health consequences is female genital mutilation, which is performed on young girls in many African and Middle Eastern nations. (a)promote the incorporation of the principles set out in the present Declaration into the development strategies drawn up within the various intergovernmental bodies; Article 6 Towards access for all to cultural diversity. the language of your speech should not change based on your audience. Aspiringto greater solidarity on the basis of recognition of cultural diversity, of awareness of the unity of humankind, and of the development of intercultural exchanges. Savvy companies build bonds with Hispanic employees. Fostering the exchange of knowledge and best practices in regard to cultural pluralism with a view to facilitating, in diversified societies, the inclusion and participation of persons and groups from varied cultural backgrounds. Having different cultures in the workplace is more common in multinational companies. In these cultures, family members feel accountable for each others behavior such that one persons misbehavior may be a cause of shame for the rest of the family (Hui & Triandis, 1986). Indissociable from a democratic framework, cultural pluralism is conducive to cultural exchange and to the flourishing of creative capacities that sustain public life. Dr. Belfields current research interests include: self-efficacy; the mentor-mentee relationship in higher education; and the impact of multiple social identities (race, gender, social class) on personal, social, academic, and career functioning. For example, in societies such as Iran, Greece, and Turkey, extended family members may see each other several times a week. It actually encompasses, or includes, all individuals in our society. Please visit excelsior.edu for more details. Europe & Rest of World: +44 203 826 8149. Diversity is the one true thing we have in common. Organizational Behavior by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Race has to do with a persons grouping based on physical traits (despite the dominant scientific view that race is a social construct and not biologically defined). In collectivistic countries such as Thailand, Japan, and India, choosing a career or finding a spouse are all family affairs. Based on the standard diversity definition, the types of diversity in a social context are theoretically infinite: they encompass every characteristic that appears with variations among a group of people (such as hair or eye color). Hiring members from different types of backgrounds not only gives your workplace more talent, skills, and experiences, but it also helps you understand all clients and their needs better. Germany is an example of a high uncertainty avoidance culture where people prefer structure in their lives and rely on rules and procedures to manage situations. The Member States recommend that the Director-General take the objectives set forth in this Action Plan into account in the implementation of UNESCO's programmes and communicate it to institutions of the United Nations system and to other intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations concerned with a view to enhancing the synergy of actions in favour of cultural diversity. An ethnic group refers to people who are closely related to each other through characteristics such as culture, language, and religion.3 There are many ethnic groups in the United States, due in large part to its immigrant population; each of these groups contributes to Americas cultural heritage. 17. Such values may sometimes be over-ridden by short-term priorities such as job security or financial gain. It has a land area of about 2,150,000 km2 (830,000 sq mi), making it the fifth-largest country in Asia, the second-largest in the Arab world, and the largest in Western Asia. Which of the following is NOT true in regards to criteria for selecting your topic? The influence of national culture and organizational culture alignment on job stress and performance: Evidence from Greece. Reflect on a time when you experienced a different culture or interacted with someone from a different culture. (2009). Which of the following is NOT a main purpose of a special occasion speech? An expatriate is someone who is temporarily assigned to a position in a foreign country. Instead of saying no, which would be interpreted as rebellion or at least be considered rude, they may use indirect ways of disagreeing, such as saying I have to think about this or this would be difficult. Such indirect communication prevents the other party from losing face but may cause misunderstandings in international communications with cultures that have a more direct style. International market entry by U.S. Internet firms: An empirical analysis of country risk, national culture, and market size. Collectivists are more attached to their groups and have more permanent attachments to these groups. Culture isn't simply an individual response or taste or desire but it is deeply integrated into our society. For anthropologists, culture goes beyond simply signs, symbols, or dress. In contrast, cultures such as Iran and Russia are lower in uncertainty avoidance, and companies in these regions do not have rule-oriented cultures. Countering the digital divide, in close cooperation in relevant United Nations system organizations, by fostering access by the developing countries to the new technologies, by helping them to master information technologies and by facilitating the digital dissemination of endogenous cultural products and access by thosecountries to the educational, cultural and scientific digital resources available worldwide. Cultures high in uncertainty avoidance prefer predictable situations and have low tolerance for ambiguity. For example, the limp handshake someone from India may give or a job candidate from Chad who is looking at the floor throughout the interview are in fact showing their respect, but these behaviors may be interpreted as indicating a lack of confidence or even disrespect in low power distance cultures. 4. 844-PURDUE-G The process starts by completing a survey about your cultural values, and then these values are compared to those of different cultures. This type of diversity refers to the presence of multiple religions and spiritual beliefs (including lack thereof) in the workplace. For example, you may sometimes hear the term gender balance used by companies trying to achieve a 50-50 balance between employees who identify as male and employees who identify as female. National Virtual Translation Center. (2003). Article 8 Cultural goods and services: commodities of a unique kind. An international look at selection practices: Nation and culture as explanations for variability in practice. The combination of limited education, migratory labor that separates men from their wives and families, and the breakdown of traditional family networks creates a context in which men may seek multiple sexual partners. Hahn, R. A., ed. In these cultures, values are not separated by gender, and both women and men share the values of maintaining good relationships. Joiner, A. Companies are realizing that doing international business provides access to raw materials, resources, and a wider customer base. It is bordered by the Red Sea to the west; Jordan, Iraq, and Kuwait to the north; the . Cultural differences may shape how people dress, how they act, how they form relationships, how they address each other, what they eat, and many other aspects of daily life. For example, a cultural ideal in the U.S. that is deeply ingrained is the idea that women should be primarily responsible for child care. How does culture influence what happens during our everyday lives? In fact, this may be one way to detect peoples individualism-collectivism level. Increase your level of understanding about other cultures by interacting with people outside of your own culturemeaningful relationships may never develop simply due to a lack of understanding. those living in two different regions of the world. Diversity encompasses the qualities and characteristics that distinguish individuals from one another. The rules we set for defining kinship such as who we can marry or whether a society is matriarchal or patriarchal are all examples of encompassing aspects of culture. 6. Cultural intelligence is a persons capability to understand how a persons cultural background influences ones behavior. Enculturation is the process through which we learn our culture. Start today by requesting a demo or posting a job for free to discover how Workable can help you find and hire great people. Culture and CEO compensation. Contemporary Approaches to Leadership, 12.6 The Role of Ethics and National Culture, 12.7 Leadership Development: The Case of Starbucks, 13.1 Focus on Power: The Case of Steve Jobs, 13.6 The Role of Ethics and National Culture, 13.7 Getting Connected: The Case of Social Networking, 14.1 Organizational Structure: The Case of Toyota, 14.4 The Role of Ethics and National Culture, 14.5 Changing for Good: The Case of Hanna Andersson Corporation, 15.1 Building a Customer Service Culture: The Case of Nordstrom, 15.2 Understanding Organizational Culture, 15.3 Characteristics of Organizational Culture, 15.4 Creating and Maintaining Organizational Culture, 15.6 The Role of Ethics and National Culture, 15.7 Clash of the Cultures: The Case of Newell Rubbermaid. (c) pursue its activities in standard-setting, awareness raising and capacity-building in the areas related to the present Declaration within its fields of competence; In Western societies the female body is often altered for cultural reasons. When attempting to startle or shock your audience as an attention-getting technique, you should ask all of the following except. Ergeneli, A., Gohar, R., & Temirbekova, Z. For this reason, heritage in all its forms must be preserved, enhanced and handed on to future generations as a record of human experience and aspirations, so as to foster creativity in all its diversity and to inspire genuine dialogue among cultures. According to the American Psychological Association, personal identity is an individual's sense of self defined by (a) a set of physical, psychological, and interpersonal characteristics that is not wholly shared with any other person and (b) a range of affiliations (e.g., ethnicity) and social roles. Harvard Business Review, 82(10), 139146. When do audience members generally begin to form their impressions of both the speaker and the speech? whose cultural backgrounds differ from your own. The femininity of a culture affects many work practices, such as the level of work/life balance. For example, peers are much less likely to be involved in hiring decisions in high power distance cultures. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. These can be along the dimensions of race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, socio-economic status, age, physical abilities, religious beliefs, political beliefs, or other ideologies. A multicultural college presents many opportunities for degree-seekers. Build background about cultural diversity in the United States. What holidays do you celebrate? For example, among Latino populations in Central America and the United States, anthropologists describe "ataques de nervios," an illness characterized by symptoms such as shaking, a feeling of heat in the chest, difficulty in moving the limbs, and parasthesias. The tool provides specific advice about interpersonal interactions with these cultures (Hamm, 2008). Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. As a professor, she enjoys engaging students in taking a critical look at the world in which they thrive, and encourages them to see themselves as lifelong learners in an intellectual arena. Describe some ways in which national culture affects organizational behavior. In fact, rules may be viewed as constraining. Retrieved January 29, 2009, from http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/sep2008/tc2008095_508754.htm. This tells us things about our culture. Essentially, cultural diversity is about bringing people together from a diverse set of backgrounds and cultures, then creating an environment that not only recognizes the differences between those cultures and backgrounds, but celebrates them. | 15 This might be in reference to someone's education or specific taste in art, but culture is more than this. Masculine cultures are also characterized by a separation of gender roles. Tell us what *you* think of our resources and what youd like to see here in 2023. Anthropologists have described the complex cultural meanings of ritual purity associated with female genital mutilation that serve to perpetuate this practice despite its serious adverse effects on health. The speaker reduces the chances of alienating the members of the audience. Do countries have uniform national cultures? Gomez, C., Shapiro, D. L., & Kirkman, B. L. (2000). All persons have therefore the right to express themselves and to create and disseminate their work in the language of their choice, and particularly in their mother tongue; all persons are entitled to quality education and training that fully respect their cultural identity; and all persons have the right to participate in the cultural life of their choice and conduct their own cultural practices, subject to respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. How do we reap the benefits of diversity? Formulating policies and strategies for the preservation and enhancement of the cultural and natural heritage, notably the oral and intangible cultural heritage, and combating illicit traffic in cultural goods and services. These cultures value autonomy and independence of the person, self-reliance, and creativity. Female genital mutilation was banned in the United States in 1995, and is also outlawed in Britain, France, Canada, Sweden, Switzerland, and some African countries. Thus, building an effective global approach to sustainable development and ESD needs to address respecting, protecting and maintaining the cultural diversity of the world now and in the future. For the British market, the advertisers localized the humor (Fowler, Steinberg, & Patrick, 2007). Ability C. Intelligence D. Sexual orientation B. Creation draws on the roots of cultural tradition, but flourishes in contact with other cultures. Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Heineman. Grant has divided his life into early life, midlife, and more recent life, and he has worked on composing a sentence to summarize each of these three stages of his life. Japan and Hungary are examples of masculine cultures. Policies for the inclusion and participation of all citizens are guarantees of social cohesion, the vitality of civil society and peace. Dr. Lisa D. Belfieldis an adjunct professor in the Purdue GlobalHuman ServicesDepartment. Cultural diversity is the quality of diverse or different cultures, as opposed to monoculture, the global monoculture, or a homogenization of cultures, akin to cultural evolution. Which of the following is NOT an effective attention-getting technique? | For this reason, the work of Geert Hofstede, a Dutch social scientist, is an important contribution to the literature. Cultural diversity widens the range of options open to everyone; it is one of the roots of development, understood not simply in terms of economic growth, but also as a means to achieve a more satisfactory intellectual, emotional, moral and spiritual existence. Awareness of culture, biases, stereotypes, and prejudices c. An understanding and acceptance of benefits of strategic management d. While individualists often refer to their nuclear family when thinking about their families, collectivists are more likely to define family in a broader sense, including cousins, uncles, aunts, and second cousins. In its simplest form, diversity means being composed of differing elements. Seventh-day Adventists, who are strict vegetarians and are very health conscious have low death rates from coronary heart disease when compared to neighbors of similar socioeconomic backgrounds. For example, in one study, more than 75% of the subjects in Philippines viewed team-based pay as fair, while less than 50% of the U.S.-based subjects viewed team-based rewards as fair (Kirkman, Gibson, & Shapiro, 2001). (b) serve as a reference point and a forum where States, international governmental and nongovernmental organizations, civil society and the private sector may join together in elaborating concepts, objectives and policies in favour of cultural diversity; Learning about other cultures helps us understand different perspectives within the world in which we live, and helps dispel negative stereotypes and personal biases about different groups. It requires social workers to personally examine and study their very own cultural backgrounds, individualities, and identities. When we put critical listening and thinking to work, we distinguish all of the following EXCEPT. The chapter begins by examining the broad arenas of difference, diversity, and diversity management, as they have become established in organization and management studies. Americas: +1 857 990 9675 Discussing the surprisingly high percentage of cancers caused by secondhand smoke would most likely be an example of which attention-getting technique? Recognizing and encouraging the contribution that the private sector can make to enhancing cultural diversity and facilitating, to that end, the establishment of forums for dialogue between the public sector and the private sector. See more on the definition of diversity and biases. People will be more submissive to their superiors and may take orders without questioning the manager (Kirkman, Gibson, & Shapiro, 2001). Cultural Diversity encompasses all of the following factors except A. This means that it shapes every part of our lives and it shapes our personalities, our values, and our way of living. Jews who practice circumcision have lower incidence and death rates than gentiles from cancer of the male genital tract, perhaps related to sexual hygiene and reduced risk of infection with carcinogenic viruses. This is often considered an indicator of fairness and inclusion of processes that select group members such as recruiting and school admissions. Fisher, A. In collectivistic societies, family bonds are more influential in peoples daily lives. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Raghuram, S., London, M., & Larsen, H. H. (2001). Earley, P. C., & Mosakowski, E. (2004). International Journal of Human Resource Management, 12, 738753. (2005, January 24). Some girls and women strive to achieve a very low body weight, a modern, culturally shaped notion of beauty that has supplanted the former "ideal"the plump female form depicted in the paintings of Rubens and Renoir. People naturally use their own culture as the standard to judge other cultures; however, passing judgment could reach a level where people begin to discriminate against others whose ways of being are different than their ownessentially, we tend to fear that which we do not understand. Individualism-collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinityfemininity are four key dimensions in which cultures vary. Women in the nineteenth century constricted their waists and compressed their breasts with rigid corsets. 11. A)they represent a poor means of influencing an organization's culture. Low-context communication is generally seen in ______ cultures. Keep in mind: Diversity trainings are typically one-time events. Having certain tastes, like enjoying the opera or fine art, is certainly part of culture but culture is not only these things. . 18. In the face of present-day economic and technological change, opening up vast prospects for creation and innovation, particular attention must be paid to the diversity of the supply of creative work, to due recognition of the rights of authors and artists and to the specificity of cultural goods and services which, as vectors of identity, values and meaning, must not be treated as mere commodities or consumer goods. Notingthat culture is at the heart of contemporary debates about identity, social cohesion, and the development of a knowledge-based economy. Winning public speakers practice certain skills to reach what kinds of groups of receivers? It helps create a space for people to be authentically themselves. Question 6 (4 points) Social context is impacted by all of the following factors EXCEPT: Individual thoughts Ethnic diversity Historical influences Language diversity Globalization This problem has been solved! Emily Cummins received a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology and French Literature and an M.A. Consideringthat the process of globalization, facilitated by the rapid development of new information and communication technologies, though representing a challenge for cultural diversity, creates the conditions for renewed dialogue among cultures and civilizations. A number of factors, including food, language, religion and customs, make up different cultures. Your identity is tied to the most . Managers in these cultures may be more used to an authoritarian style with lower levels of participative leadership demonstrated. The pervasive influence of the media, especially television, in almost all contemporary societies projects cultural values and behavior that emanate from the American entertainment industry. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. Culture as all encompassing gives us rules for how to structure our life. The American ads were found to be too aggressive for the Japanese culture, where direct product comparisons are rare and tend to make people uncomfortable. First, she should conduct the ______. While individualists may evaluate the performance of their colleagues more accurately, collectivists are more likely to be generous when evaluating their in-group members. In collectivistic cultures, people define themselves as part of a group. While performed in many predominantly Islamic countries, this procedure is not a religious ritual, and is not condoned by any Islamic scripture. Uncertainty avoidance may influence the type of organizations employees are attracted to. Willingness to challenge and change institutional practices that present barriers to different groups b. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. Ethnocentrism leads organizations to adopt universal principles when doing business around the globe and may backfire. This means employees will not necessarily have to become experts in one culture. Paul, B. D., ed. Many studies have shown that immigrants have higher rates of mental illness, probably due to the tremendous stresses of living in a new cultural environment. Individualistic cultures are cultures in which people define themselves as an individual and form looser ties with their groups. Organization Science, 15, 657670. Promoting linguistic diversity in cyberspace and encouraging universal access through the global network to all information in the public domain. Sweden and the Netherlands are examples of feminine cultures. Cultural responsiveness, cultural competence, and cultural humility are all dynamic, complex, and lifelong processes. The defence of cultural diversity is an ethical imperative, inseparable from respect for human dignity. So, for example, we recognize familiar symbols, like a popular fast food restaurant and the meanings behind it simply by looking at the symbol. Behavioral Approaches to Leadership, 12.4 What Is the Role of the Context? How can you prepare yourself for a career that crosses national boundaries? It can also be widely shared beliefs about things like marriage, family, or gender roles. In these cultures, referring to a manager or a teacher with their first name would be extremely rude. From African Americans to Russian Americans, the United States is one of the most diverse nations in terms of culture. In cultures high in femininity such as Norway and Sweden, work arrangements such as telecommuting seem to be more popular compared to cultures higher in masculinity like Italy and the United Kingdom.