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The video of the event shocked the country and . On Sunday, March 7, 1965, in Selma, some 600 marchers lining up behind SNCC's John Lewis and SCLC's Hosea Williams did not seem to expect much violence despite the city's notoriety for violence against the Civil Rights Movement. (Associated Press), In July 2007, police find the burned body of a Marcelino Mars Torres in Hidalgo County. The murder took place in a corridor of the prison unit that was hidden from the view of prison guards. While Sandoval was found not guilty and was vindicated, it came at a cost. This included its leader Alex Rudaj , and effectively ended the criminal organization. Dr. Liz Theoharis of the Poor People's Campaign. H. Christoph/ullstein bild/Getty Images Young man shot by the British military on Bloody Sunday. (Gang Intelligence 101), In 1995, the Texas Syndicate declares war on a Mexican gang known as Mexicles. Three days later, the criminals published a note in the leading Brussels newspaper Le Soir , demanding 30 million Belgian francs in ransom. Letters may have contained coded messages concerning drug trafficking or other illicit activity. He took over the crew sometime between 1932 and 1936, Terranova was being "put on the shelf" (meaning forced into retirement) by the new Luciano-Genovese-Costello regime of the Luciano crime family. Ellis I Unit prison guard Patrick Ware described a similar tactic used by inmates related to downing the duck. Ware and numerous other current and former guards testified that gang members commonly try to influence prison officers to smuggle drugs to them. Soon after he began his work as a correctional officer, Sandoval witnessed his first homicide at the Ellis I Unit. App. The Mexican Mafia for example, was formed in 1957 in the Deuel Vocational Institution in Tracy, California and is one of the earliest formed prison gangs to still exist, and continues to exhibit power inside and outside prisons. Both the Texas Syndicate and Mexikanemi team up against the Barrio Azteca. The earlier allegations explored in the section on the downing the duck process was brought up by the prosecution. The case of Luis H. Sandoval, a prison guard in Texas during the 1980s who became allegedly involved in criminal activity for the Texas Syndicate emphasizes this complicated multi-faceted Mexican American experience within the prison setting. Testifying for murder defendant and former Ellis I guard Luis Sandoval, a string of prison employees said the doors were left open despite a policy requiring that they be locked at all times (McKay, 1991). Italians. United Kingdom Albanian mafia gangs are believed to be largely behind sex trafficking, immigrants smuggling, as well as working with Turkish gangs in Southend-On-Sea, who control the heroin trade in the United Kingdom . Texas prisons were mostly gang-free until bloody battles broke out in 1984-85 between the Mexican Mafia and Texas Syndicate as well as the Aryan Brotherhood and Mandingo Warriors. There were approximately sixty prison gang related homicides between 1984-1985. One former prison gang member, Jesus Valverde reflected on the toxic pressure to commit violence for a prison gang and exposed the problems it forced on these Mexican American prison gang members. It has 14 wells on the property starting in 01-01-1993. Bloody Sunday proved to be a turning point in the civil rights movement that led to the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. This marriage took place only after Sandoval was able to attain job security with the Texas Department of Corrections as a correctional officer in Huntsville. In an Albanian television station ""ShqipTV" Saviano went on to say that the Albanian and Italian factions are "one of the same", and that they dont consider each other as foreigners. A long, metal objecta homemade knife, or shankprotruded from his jugular. 3. Historians have lagged behind attempts to historicize prison gangs into the larger historical context. The only known members are Dardan Petrela, Kalem Vulaj, and Bledar Morina. Zef Mustafa : Albanian Mafia kingpin based out of New York. By John Dorney. Historically, the Mexican American population in Texas had been wrought with unfair legal and social practices that had negatively impacted this marginalized population for over a century. At about 7:30 pm in the evening at the Darrington Unit day room in Rosharon, TX three Texas Mexican Mafia members Lloyd Vasquez, Jose Arturo Garcia, and Albert Carrillo were all fatally stabbed by Texas Syndicate members Lee R. Castro and Rogelio Cantu who were detained afterwards. 8,126 Hispanic members operate across Texas, including specific reportings in the Coffield Unit, about 60 miles southwest of Tyler, and at the Allred prison unit outside of Wichita Falls. The expiration of membership or getting out only occurred upon the members death. In the early 1960s Mike Coppola was imprisoned on tax evasion charges and followed in the footsteps of his predecessor Ciro Terranova, being put on the shelf after his release from prison in 1963. Sandoval claimed he skipped the court date and hid out for three weeks in California because he feared prison officials. The name Rudaj comes from the boss of the organization. The details of exactly who he saw murdered were not clear but according to homicide records, the victim was probably Cesario Gonzales who was killed on August 31, 1985. He wanted the removal of any evidence of extraneous acts or offenses that are not directly related to the current charge, unless the defendant Sandoval has been duly convicted of such offense (The State of Texas vs Luis H. Sandoval, 1991). He was stabbed approximately twenty times in the B-Wing of the Ellis I Unit in Huntsville. (Associated Press), On Jan 29, 2009, high ranking Texas Syndicate member Ricardo Ortiz is executed by the state of Texas for his role in a 1997 murder. Later in the game, Albanian gangs appear working as muscle for other organizations, such as the Cosa Nostra or the Bratva . The Albanians are too violent and too unpredictable." He was one of the masterminds behind the kidnapping of former Belgian Prime Minister Paul Vanden Boeynants in 1989. Mexican Americans were also affected by mass incarceration, particularly in the U.S. Southwest. Sandoval was hired as part of the new guard force that was coming in and was separate from the old guard who had largely stayed to themselves, was predominately white, and had strong rapport with the building tenders. Inside the walls of each prison is drugs, prostitution, gambling, extortion, and grand theft, but no investigation into any of these things has ever been made (Draper, 1991). The Texas Syndicate, more than La Eme or Nuestra Familia, has been more associated or allied with Mexican immigrant prisoners, such as the "Border Brothers", while La Eme and the NF tend to be more composed of US-born/raised Hispanics. (El Paso Times), On August 17, 1997, Texas Syndicate members murder Gerardo Garcia in the El Paso County Jail. 14764 03/20/1991 278TH Judicial District Court, Scholarships and Resources for Hispanic and Latino Students. Thirteen. He did not complete his college education although he went farther than many Mexican Americans from this region. At this point Sandoval, along with other guards, or staff members became the duck and were now leveraged against by the inmates as the victims or co-conspirators dug themselves deeper into the clutches of the inmates bidding as a representative of a prison gang. Texas Syndicate moved into Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ). In Television In the " Law and Order: Criminal Intent " episode "Blasters" (Season 6, Episode 9) two former childstars involved in bootlegging ring are being hunted down by the Albanian mob. Sandovals exposure to this initial shocking experience was predicated on his need for quick employment. The jurors in Sandovals trial werent convinced that Sandoval worked for or with the gang in any way (McKay, 1991). Blacks. Director Paul Greengrass Writer Paul Greengrass Stars James Nesbitt Tim Pigott-Smith Nicholas Farrell The wardens, staff, guards, and building tenders were predominately White. Germany "Ethnic Albanians" (as the German police officially calls them), no matter where they come from Albania, Republic of Macedonia, or Kosovo created for a very short time in the last decade of the century, a very powerful criminal network, says Manfred Quedzuweit, director of the Police Department for Fighting the Organized Crime in Hamburg. The victim, who was also a TS member was wrestled down and intentionally overdosed with a shot of heroin. This is a listing of enterprises, gangs, mafias, and syndicates that are involved in organized crime. Saviano notes that the Camorra from Naples can't understand the Russian clans , which aren't based on family ties, and feels greater affinity with the Albanian crime families. Formed in the California prison system in the 1970s by incarcerated Tejanos, the Texas Syndicate sought protection against Californios. In Del Rio, a federal judge sentenced 29 Uvalde/Hondo-area Texas Syndicate (TS) members over the past two weeks to federal prison, including four defendants to life imprisonment, for various racketeering and drug trafficking offenses committed in Uvalde, San Antonio and the surrounding areas announced United States Attorney Richard L. Durbin, Before Sandoval could stand to face trial though, he fled. On Monday [June 24], at eight in the morning, Sandoval reported for duty at the Ellis I training academy in Huntsville (Draper, 1991) where he eventually secured employment with the TDC as a prison guard after completing several weeks of mandatory training. Sandoval contends that the door was kept unlocked and that he was framed because officials at the prison feared they would be held liable in Arredondos death (News Briefs, 1991). It simultaneously illustrated that race was crucial to membership, belonging, and trust, but it was also used as a predatory and manipulative tool to further advance their objectives of revenue creation. The Polish mob has told its associates that the Albanians are like the early Sicilian Mafia clannish, secretive, hypersensitive to any kind of insult, and too quick to use violence for the sake of vengeance. Released or parole members who generate money for the Texas Syndicate must surrender a 10% tax ("the dime") of all proceeds toward the gang in prison. (Associates Press), On January 2009, 10 Texas Syndicate members invade the home of an Austin couple and rob the family of their TVs wallets, and vehicles. On September 7, 1916 Nicholas Terranova was murdered, giving the Camorra gangs the advantage. International activity Scandinavia "The ethnic Albanian mafia is very powerful and extremely violent," said Kim Kliver, chief investigator for organized crime with the Danish National Police. This group has lacked examination within the frameworks of mass incarceration scholarship, even as these studies continue to exponentially grow. Similar parameters also included the Mexican Mafia or La Eme, which formed in California and did not recognize the Texas Mexican Mafia, also known as Mexikanemi from Texas. After his short stop off at Conroe, they made their way to Huntsville, the capital of the Texas Department of Corrections, and since 1989 known as the Texas Department of Criminal Justice. Bloody Sunday Massacre in Russia . But, soon after the murder of Joe Arredondo, Sandoval was charged with the crime and inmates who were allegedly present provided corroborating details. Like many Mexican Americans in the U.S. Southwest, Sandoval was unacquainted with racial groups other than his own. According to Ioannis Michaletos, the family structure is characterized by a strong inner discipline, which is achieved by a means of punishment for every deviation from the internal rules, so that the fear should guarantee an unconditional loyalty to the family, with the provisions of the official laws considered to be secondary, not important and non-binding. He had graduated quickly from menial tasks to more important tasks. Winner of the Sundance Film Festival's Audience Award, writer-director Paul Greengrass' "magnetic and impassioned" drama is a "staggering re-creation" of the events of Sunday, January 30th, 1972 when British troops clashed with unarmed protestors in Derry, Northern Ireland. Ironically, this historical and troubling development came on the heels of the significant victories of prison reform cases which were meant to curtail the conditions of prisons, yet set the stage for prison gangs and gang violence to foment. State identity also occurred as a form of othering by the California prison gangs which did not extend membership to non-Californios. But the circumstances surrounding the murder also exposed internal issues of the prison system which the trial brought to light. The Northern Albanian Mafia which runs the drug wholesale business is also known by the name of "The Fifteen Families." F or many on both sides of the Irish Sea, the killing of 14 unarmed civil rights demonstrators by members of the British army's Parachute Regiment on Bloody Sunday in 1972 remains the defining . members in prisons and jails state-wide, with many more on the outside. Members of other ethnic groups can be accepted only to execute certain one time or secondary jobs. 402K subscribers 2 No views 1 minute ago ESPN's Matt Barrie is back for Week 6's Sunday Bloody Sunday to talk through the interim coaches prowess, Alabama's win over Texas A&M, Tennessee. Fields such as criminal justice, sociology, and criminology have provided vast research into prison gangs, and more specifically Mexican American prison gangs. In the movie " In With Thieves " A blood diamond deal goes wrong which throws Albanian Mafioso into chaos in the criminal underworld. A Guard in Gangland. Texas Monthly Press, August 1991. Loaded on March 15, 2003 by C.C. He was part of the new guard that was rapidly hired which attempted to respond to overcrowding and the resignation of the old guard. On the morning of November 21st, an elite assassination unit known as 'The Squad' mounted an operation planned by Michael Collins, Director of Intelligence of the Irish Republican Army (IRA). Coppola later moved to South Florida and effectively retired. This would also provide an insight into the reach of prison gangs like the Texas Syndicate towards prison guards. People here dont want to believe a guard would do something like that (McKay, 1991). One of Italy's top prosecutors, Cataldo Motta , who has identified Albania's most dangerous mobsters, says they are a threat to Western society. They developed, rose, and gained their power through the demise of the building tender system. He was digging himself deeper into their clutches and soon found himself processing a money order of two hundred and fifty dollars and was paid a percentage of that. Nicholas "Nick Morello" Terranova took over the 116th Street Mob , and became in boiled in the Mafia-Camorra War. However, they still maintain their headquarters in California, where their national president resides, and their numbers continue to reach into state and federal prisons across the US. On February 2007, high ranking Texas Syndicate member Ernesto Medrano is sentenced to life in prison for using U.S. military flights to transport hundreds of kilos of cocaine from Columbia to Fort, Bliss Texas. 116th Street Crew The 116th Street crew, also known as the Uptown crew, is a powerful crew within the Genovese crime family. The Rudaj Organization , also called "The Corporation", was a well known Albanian criminal organization operating in the New York City metro area. It was also against the guidelines of the Texas prison system. The group planned to march to the state capitol in Montgomery, 54 miles away, to protest of the February 26 murder of Jimmy Lee . Their exit does not exist and the prison gang has now also gained a member that will remain in their proximity for the duration of their sentence, equivalent to their life. Sat Jan 22 2022 - 06:00. The gangs agree to revise the manifesto each year on May 5th. In Liberty City the Albanian mob holds a stronghold in the Little Bay section of Bohan. Even while considering the institutions perception of the strength of prison gangs, they still largely lacked broad exploration in historical scholarship. This complicates mass incarceration scholarship which primarily rests along the Black and White binary of American history. Drug Trafficking, Murder, Robbery, Allies: Border Brothers, Tri City Bombers, Texas Mafia, Dirty White Boys, Rivals: Mexikanemi, Mexican Mafia, Nuestra Familia, Aryan Brotherhood, Mandingo Warriors, Black Guerrilla Family, In 1970, The Texas Syndicate is founded by Juan Pajaro Solis-Vela and Francisco Panchito Gonzales in Californias Folsom prison. Once the guard had completed the innocuous task that was against the policies of the prisons, the inmate(s) continue to slowly press the guard or staff member into other obligations that eventually lead to illegal acts. The Texas Syndicate, more than La Eme or Nuestra Familia, has been more associated or allied with Mexican immigrant prisoners, such as the "Border Brothers", while La Eme and the NF tend to be more composed of US-born/raised Hispanics. 8/21/2008) (Tex. The Texas Syndicate 2,082 views Jun 18, 2022 62 Dislike Share Save Gangsters Cops and Politicians 3.4K subscribers Gang Expert Gabe Morales discusses the California roots of the Texas. Hernandez, who was serving a life sentence plus eight years for Travis County convictions of attempted capital murder and illegal possession of a firearm, was the second-in-command of the Texas Syndicate prison gang. (Draper, 1991) They undermined, and ultimately controlled many prison guards making them do their biddings, even outside the confines of the prisons as extensions of their economic enterprises. Accessed on October 10, 2018. https://www.texasmonthly.com/articles/a-guard-in-gangland/ He largely failed in attempts to procure streams of revenue, namely from drug trafficking for the Texas Syndicate. Garcia hoped that Sandoval would become his golden goose as he convinced Sandoval to light his cigarette (Draper, 1991). The presdent will be there to mark 58 years since the Bloody Sunday, a violent clash between 600 civil rights marchers and white police officers on the Edmund Pettus Bridge in 1965 that served. (El Paso Times), In 1994, Barrio Azteca members murder a Texas Syndicate member at the Wallace unit in Colorado City, Texas. If an officer fails to cooperate, a gang has non-violent ways of retaliating []. Furthermore, the ability of inmates to force the prison administrators to hear their grievances was developed from the successes of prison reform. The Sandoval and Arredondo incident illustrated the complexity that went into relations between Mexican American guards and inmates. Agim Gashi : Leader of an Albanian Mafia clan based out of Italy.